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Drought Vulnerability and Impacts of Climate Change on Pastoralist and Their Adaptation Measures in Southern Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review
Gebisa Koroso,
Alemnew Muchie,
Girum Faris
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-6
Received:
12 October 2022
Accepted:
9 November 2022
Published:
9 February 2023
Abstract: Drought is a complicated natural hazard has far-reaching social and Environment impacts. In Ethiopia’s diverse agro-ecological zones, drought remains severe challenge and problem. Pastoralists on the southern on the Ethiopia Kenya-Somalia border endured extreme suffering, including the loss of more than 75% of their cattle and huge migration out of drought–stricken areas. Drought has greatest immediate effects of on pastoralists, including depletion of water resources, rising deforestation, crop failure, and an increase in food price, ill health, livestock output losses and death, and a decline in livestock prices in the Borana Zone. Ethiopian pastoral system is almost all rain-fed livestock production system, which is becoming more vulnerable to the effects of climate change and variability. Current climate variability is already imposing significant challenges by preventing the struggle to reduce poverty and sustainable efforts. The review was showed in southern Ethiopia to understand the drought vulnerability and impacts of climate change and variability on pastoral community and their adaptation strategies. Moreover, based on the drought classification, seven annual droughts occurred in the reviewed area from 1986-2018. While their perception of declining annual rainfall are not supported by actual records. More over the result indicated that the significant increment of maximum and minimum temperature, high inter annual and seasonal rainfall variability have caused effects on their livestock’s wellbeing. The prominent adaptation strategies by the pastoralist are area enclosure herd mobility supplementary feeding livestock destocking. Nevertheless, the adaptation strategies are not practiced in full capacity constrained by different socio economic and institutional factors. Therefore, it is important to provide training and improved livestock’s which drought tolerant. Drought and impacts of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures depending on geography and livestock system may improve the study’s trajectory in the future if further review is done. Also, intervention is needed to address water shortage and up scaling water harvesting technology to conserve water during drought season in the study area.
Abstract: Drought is a complicated natural hazard has far-reaching social and Environment impacts. In Ethiopia’s diverse agro-ecological zones, drought remains severe challenge and problem. Pastoralists on the southern on the Ethiopia Kenya-Somalia border endured extreme suffering, including the loss of more than 75% of their cattle and huge migration out of...
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Socio-Economic Analysis of Women Commercial Farmer of Godavari Municipality on Lalitpur District of Nepal
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
7-12
Received:
6 November 2022
Accepted:
30 November 2022
Published:
15 April 2023
Abstract: Nepalese economy is dominated by agriculture; gross domestic product and national income volume are influences it. In agriculture sector gender issues have become a common area of concern at global, regional and national level. In the context of Nepal ownership of land as well as commercial farmer of women are very low to compare man. This research tries to analyze the socio-economic status of women commercial farming of the Godavari municipality. In Godavari municipality 4, Badikhel there are 30 women commercial farmer and they all were selected as sample for this research. Primary information was collected through the questioner survey method on the sample population. This study had used an explorative, descriptive and analytical framework to evaluate the impact of the commercial farming. Women’s participation in vegetable farming has changed women’s lifestyle in positive way. Women were more involved in plantation, weeding, collection and transportation than man. Women are involved in decision making for post vegetable cultivation as well as that helps to run the family smoothly through increase their household income and consumption. After engaging in the vegetable farming, it has improved in participation of women for domestic decision making.
Abstract: Nepalese economy is dominated by agriculture; gross domestic product and national income volume are influences it. In agriculture sector gender issues have become a common area of concern at global, regional and national level. In the context of Nepal ownership of land as well as commercial farmer of women are very low to compare man. This research...
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Impact of Maize Production on the Welfare of Small-Scale Famers in Uasin Gishu County; a Case Study of Moiben Constituency
Rutto Janet Chelagat,
Troon John Benedict
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
13-18
Received:
24 November 2022
Accepted:
13 December 2022
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: When a community engages in economic activity, they always expect to use it as a resource to elevate their economic status. Residents of Uasin Gishu county have over the years engaged tremendously in maize farming expecting it to aid in elevating their economic status. However, despite the heavy investment in the farming of maize, the majority of small-scale farmers in the region still languish in poverty despite farming maize every season. As a result, the study aimed at determining the impact of maize farming on the economic welfare of small-scale farmers in the region. The study looked at how maize farming influenced the income, food security, and employment status of the farmers. The study was carried out in the Moiben constituency which had a population of 300 maize farmers and it was able to sample a total of 75 farmers from the constituency who were sampled through a simple random sampling technique. The study used a structured questionnaire to interview the farmers. The study used simple linear, Poisson, and binary logistic regression models to determine the effect of maize production on income, food security, and employment of small-scale farmers in the region. The results of the linear regression model showed that maize production had a positive significant effect on the income of the farmers in the region (p<0.05). An increase in the size of land for maize production by 1 ha was determined to increase the income of the farmer by approximately Kshs 55,945/=. Based on the results of the Poisson regression model, maize production was determined to have a positive significant effect on the food security of the farmer (p<0.05). An increase in land size under maize production by 1 ha was determined to increase the number of bags of maize stored for family consumption by 1 bag. Lastly, the logistic regression model showed that maize production had a significant effect on the employment of small-scale farmers (p<0.05). The results showed that a farmer with 1 ha of land more was 3.942 times more likely to only carry out farming as a source of employment compared to a farmer with 1 ha of land under maize farming. In conclusion, the study was able to determine that maize farming was able to increase the income of the farmers, increase food security and provide employment opportunities for small-scale farmers. Therefore, this showed that maize production was able to improve the welfare of maize farmers in the region.
Abstract: When a community engages in economic activity, they always expect to use it as a resource to elevate their economic status. Residents of Uasin Gishu county have over the years engaged tremendously in maize farming expecting it to aid in elevating their economic status. However, despite the heavy investment in the farming of maize, the majority of s...
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